E-invoicing under GST has evolved from a large-enterprise obligation to a near-universal compliance requirement. As of April 2026, any business whose aggregate annual turnover exceeded Rs 5 crore in any financial year from FY 2017-18 onwards must generate e-invoices. And the rules are getting stricter.

Current Threshold and Applicability

The e-invoicing threshold stands at Rs 5 crore AATO (since August 2023). The threshold has progressively reduced from Rs 500 crore in 2020, but has not been lowered further in Budget 2026.

Key point: if your turnover crossed Rs 5 crore even once since FY 2017-18, e-invoicing applies permanently — even if current turnover is below the threshold.

How It Works

  1. Create your invoice in the prescribed JSON schema in your billing software
  2. Upload to an Invoice Registration Portal (IRP) — NIC is the primary among 6 authorized portals
  3. IRP validates data and generates a unique 64-character IRN (Invoice Reference Number)
  4. IRP digitally signs the invoice and generates a QR code with key transaction details
  5. A copy auto-populates your GSTR-1 return — reducing manual filing effort

New Rules from 2025-26

  • 30-day reporting deadline: Businesses with Rs 10 crore+ AATO must upload e-invoices within 30 days of the invoice date. Late uploads are rejected by the portal
  • Multi-factor authentication (MFA): Mandatory for all taxpayers logging into IRP and e-way bill portals from April 2025
  • Case-insensitive invoice numbers: From June 2025, IRP auto-converts invoice numbers to uppercase before generating IRN
  • Fresh document series: Mandatory new series for invoices, debit notes, and credit notes from April 1, 2026

Penalties for Non-Compliance

The consequences are serious:

  • Non-issuance: Rs 10,000 per invoice or 100% of tax due — whichever is higher
  • Invalid invoice: Without a valid IRN and QR code, the invoice is treated as not issued. The buyer cannot claim ITC
  • Goods in transit: Under Section 129, goods transported without a valid e-invoice may be detained and confiscated

B2C E-Invoicing — Coming Soon

Currently, e-invoicing applies only to B2B transactions. The GST Council has announced plans for B2C e-invoicing with a phased rollout targeted for 2026-27. Businesses with turnover above Rs 500 crore must already display dynamic QR codes on B2C invoices — a precursor to full B2C e-invoicing.

E-invoicing is no longer optional for mid-sized businesses. Update your billing software, train your accounts team on the 30-day reporting window, and ensure MFA is set up on all GST portal accounts.